To call upon for help

cĭĕo, cīvi, cĭtum, 2 (from the primitive form cĭo, cīre, prevailing in the compounds accio, excio, etc. (cf. Prisc. pp. 865, 905, and 908 P.), are also found: pres. cio, Mart. 4, 90, 4:

cit,

Verg. Cul. 201; Col. 6, 5, 1 Schneid.:

cimus,

Lucr. 1, 213; 5, 211:

ciunt,

Lact. Ep. 4 dub.:

ciant,

App. Flor. 2, n. 17, p. 358; Mart. Cap. 1, § 91: ciuntur, id. de Mundo, 22, p. 67), v. a. [kindr. with kiô, to go; and by the addition of the causative signif. like kineô, causative from kiô; v. 1. ci.].

Lit., to put in motion; hence, to move, stir, shake (syn.: moveo, commoveo, concito, excito al.;

class. in prose and poetry): calcem,

to make a move in the game of chess, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 86:

natura omnia ciens et agitans,

Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27: inanimum est omne, quod pulsu agitatur externo;

quod autem est animal, id motu cietur interiore et suo,

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (for which, in the same chapter, several times movere; cf. also id. N. D. 2, 9, 23):

remos,

Stat. Th. 6, 801:

imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo,

stirs up, Verg. A. 2, 419:

puppes sinistrorsum citae,

Hor. Epod. 9, 20.—

In judic. lang. t. t.:

ciere erctum (lit. to put in motion, i. e.),

to divide the inheritance, Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; cf. erctum.—

Trop., to put in motion, to rouse up, disturb: natura maris per se immobilis est, et venti et aurae cient, Liv. 28, 27, 11:

saltum canibus ciere,

Lucr. 5, 1250: fontes et stagna, Cic. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15:

tonitru caelum omne ciebo,

Verg. A. 4, 122:

loca sonitu cientur,

Lucr. 4, 608; cf.:

reboat raucum regio cita barbara bombum,

id. 4, 544 Lachm. N. cr. —

With reference to the terminus ad quem, to move, excite, or call to ( poet. or in Aug. and post-Aug. prose for the common accire):

ad sese aliquem,

Cat. 68, 88:

ad arma,

Liv. 5, 47, 4; Sil. 7, 43:

in pugnam,

id. 4, 272:

armatos ad pugnam,

Vell. 2, 6, 6:

aere ciere viros,

Verg. A. 6, 165:

quos e proximis coloniis ejus rei fama civerat,

Tac. A. 15, 33:

aliquem in aliquem,

id. H. 1, 84, 5:

ab ultimis subsidiis cietur miles (sc. in primam aciem),

Liv. 9, 39, 8:

ille cieri Narcissum postulat,

Tac. A. 11, 30.—

To call upon for help, to invoke; of invoking superior beings:

nocturnos manes,

Verg. A. 4, 490:

luctificam Alecto dirarum ab sede sororum,

id. ib. 7, 325:

vipereasque ciet Stygiā de valle sorores (i. e. Furias),

Ov. M. 6, 662:

numina nota ciens,

Val. Fl. 4, 549:

foedera et deos,

Liv. 22, 14, 7.—

In gen., to call upon any one by name, to mention by name:

erum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 11:

comites magnā voce,

Lucr. 4, 578:

animamque sepulcro Condimus et magnā supremum voce ciemus,

Verg. A. 3, 68:

lamentatione flebili majores suos ciens ipsumque Pompeium,

Tac. A. 3, 23:

singulos nomine,

id. ib. 2, 81; so Suet. Ner. 46: triumphum nomine ciere, i. e. to call Io triumphe! Liv. 45, 38, 12.—Hence,

In a civil sense: patrem, to name one ' s father, i. e. show one ' s free birth, Liv. 10, 8, 10.—

To put any course of action in progress or any passion in motion, i. e. to excite, stimulate, rouse, to produce, effect, cause, occasion, begin (very freq., esp. in poetry):

solis uti varios cursus lunaeque meatus Noscere possemus quae vis et causa cierent,

Lucr. 5, 773:

motus,

id. 3, 379; Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

varias voces,

Lucr. 5, 1059:

lamenta virum commoliri atque ciere,

id. 6, 242 Lachm. N. cr.:

tinnitus aere,

Cat. 64, 262; Verg. G. 4, 64 (cie tinnitus):

singultus ore,

Cat. 64, 131:

gemitus,

Verg. G. 3, 517:

fletus,

id. A. 3, 344:

lacrimas,

id. ib. 6, 468:

mugitus,

id. ib. 12, 103:

murmur,

id. G. 1, 110; Liv. 9, 7, 3:

bellum,

id. 5, 37, 2; Vell. 2, 54; Tac. H. 3, 41 fin.; Verg. A. 1, 541:

belli simulacra,

id. ib. 5, 674:

seditiones,

Liv. 4, 52, 2:

tumultum,

id. 28, 17, 16; 41, 24, 18:

vires intimas molemque belli,

Tac. A. 15, 2 fin.; cf. id. H. 3, 1:

pugnam,

Liv. 1, 12, 2; 2, 47, 1; 9, 22, 7; Tac. A. 3, 41:

proelium,

Liv. 2, 19, 10; 4, 33, 3; 7, 33, 12;

10, 28, 8: Martem,

Verg. A. 9, 766:

acies, stragem,

id. ib. 6, 829; cf. Liv. 22, 39, 7:

rixam,

Vell. 1, 2 al. —

In medic.:

alvum,

to cause evacuation, Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96:

urinam,

id. 27, 7, 28, § 48:

menses,

to cause menstruation, id. 26, 15, 90, § 151 sq. al.—Hence, cĭtus, a, um, P. a., lit. put in motion; hence, quick, swift, rapid (opp. tardus, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216; Sall. C. 15, 5; class.; esp. freq. in poetry;

rare in Cic.): ad scribendum citus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 86:

quod jubeat citis quadrigis citius properet persequi,

id. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Verg. A. 8, 642:

bigae,

Cat. 55, 26:

puppis,

id. 64, 6; Tib. 4, 1, 69:

classis,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 24:

navis,

Ov. M. 15, 732; Tac. A. 2, 6:

axis,

Ov. M. 2, 75:

fugae,

id. ib. 1, 543:

plantae,

id. ib. 10, 591:

incessus,

Sall. C. 15, 5:

via,

Liv. 33, 48, 1:

venator,

Hor. C. 1, 37, 18:

cum militibus,

Tac. A. 11, 1:

legionibus,

id. ib. 14, 26:

agmine,

id. ib. 1, 63;

4, 25: cohortes,

id. ib. 12, 31:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 29; id. S. 1, 1, 8:

pes, i. e. iambus,

id. A. P. 252.— Comp.: nullam ego rem citiorem apud homines esse quam famam reor, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Val. Max. 3, 8, ext. 1.— Sup., Quint. 6, 4, 14 dub.; v. Spald. and Zumpt in h. l.—

In the poets very freq. (also a few times in Tac.) instead of the adv. cito:

citi ad aedis venimus Circae, Liv. And. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352, 6 Müll.: equites parent citi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 88; id. Stich. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 386:

somnus fugiens citus abiit,

Cat. 63, 42: solvite vela citi, Verg, A. 4, 574; cf. id. ib. 9, 37; 12, 425; Hor. S. 1, 10, 92; cf. id. C. 3, 7, 27:

ite citi,

Ov. M. 3, 562; Tac. H. 2, 40:

si citi advenissent,

id. A. 12, 12.—Hence,

cĭto, adv.

Quickly, speedily, soon (freq. in prose and poetry of all periods):

quam tarda es! non vis citius progredi?

Phaedr. 3, 6, 2; [p. 331] Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 44:

eloquere,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 83:

abi cito et suspende te,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 20; 3, 1, 16:

labascit victus uno verbo: quam cito!

id. Eun. 1, 2, 98:

quod eum negasti, qui non cito quid didicisset, umquam omnino posse perdiscere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 146; cf. Hor. A. P. 335; Quint. 12, 8, 3; 11, 2, 2; 10, 6, 2:

non multum praestant sed cito,

id. 1, 3, 4 et saep.: sat cito si sat bene, a moral saying of Cato in Hier. Ep. 66, n. 9:

cito rumpes arcum, semper si tensum habueris,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

ad paenitendum properat cito qui judicat, Publ. Syr. Sent. 6: scribere,

Quint. 10, 3, 10:

nimis cito diligere,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

cito absolvere, tarde condemnare,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26.— Comp.:

citius,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 14; Pers. 3, 3, 31; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 23; Lucr. 1, 557; 2, 34; Cic. Sen. 2, 4:

Noto citius, Verg.A.5, 242 et saep.: dicto,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; Verg. A. 1, 142:

supremā die, i. e. ante supremam diem,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 20:

serius aut citius sedem properamus ad unam (for which serius ocius,

id. ib. 2, 3, 26), sooner or later, Ov. M. 10, 33.— Sup.:

citissime,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. al.—

With the negative, sometimes equivalent to non facile, not easily (cf. the Gr. tacha):

haud cito,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 89:

neque verbis aptiorem cito alium dixerim, neque sententiis crebriorem,

Cic. Brut. 76, 264: quem tu non tam cito rhetorem dixisses quam politikon, id. ib. § 265.—

Sometimes in comp. without the negative, = potius, sooner, rather:

ut citius diceres, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238 fin.:

citius dixerim, jactasse se aliquos, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fam. 5, 2, 10; id. Off. 1, 18, 59; Hor. S. 2, 5, 35.—

cĭtē, quickly, Scrib. Comp. 198.

* * *

ad-vŏco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to call or summon one to a place, esp. for counsel, aid, etc.; constr. absol., with ad, in, or dat.

In gen.

Lit.:

ego Tiresiam advocabo et consulam quid faciendum censeat,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 76:

contionem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80:

aliquem ad obsignandum,

id. Att. 12, 18; so Liv. 1, 39:

viros primarios in consilium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 7, § 18; so Liv. 42, 33:

ego vos, quo pauca monerem, advocavi,

Sall. C. 60:

eo (i. e. in aedem Concordiae) senatum advocat,

id. ib. 47:

(Deus) advocabit caelum desursum,

Vulg. Psa. 49, 4:

advocari gaudiis,

to be invited, Hor. C. 4, 11, 13:

aegro,

Ov. R. Am. 110:

causis,

Quint. 11, 1, 38.—

Trop.:

animum ad se ipsum advocamus,

we turn the mind upon itself, call the thoughts home, Cic. Tusc. 1, 31:

non desiderat fortitudo advocatam iracundiam,

id. ib. 4, 23; so id. Ac. 2, 27; id. Tusc. 5, 38. —

Esp.

In judicial lang., t. t., to avail one's self of some one in a cause, as aid, assistant, witness, counsellor, etc., to call in:

aliquem alicui,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 6; so id. Bacch. 2, 3, 28; id. Ps. 4, 7, 59:

aliquot mihi Amicos advocabo,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 83:

viros bonos complures advocat,

Cic. Quint. 21:

in his, quos tibi advocasti,

id. ib. 2 al.—Also used of the friend of the plaintiff or defendant, who calls in his friends to aid in the suit:

Oppianicus in judicio Scamandri aderat, frequens advocabat,

Cic. Clu. 19.—Hence, transf. to other things, to call to one's aid, to call to for help, to summon:

desuper Alcides telis premit omniaque arma Advocat,

Verg. A. 8, 249:

secretas artes,

Ov. M. 7, 138:

ad conamina noctem,

Sil. 9, 82; Sen. Troad. 613:

aliquid in tutelam securitatis suae,

Vell. 2, 108:

vires suas,

Sen. Ben. 6, 2.—

To get a respite, to delay, Plin. Ep. 5, 8; v. advocatio, II. C. —

To give consolation, to console (in imitation of the Gr. parakalein), Tert. adv. Marc. 14.

(Gr. II. 290) explains advocapit as an old imperat., instead of advocabite.Hence, advŏcātus, i, m.

In the class. per., in judicial lang., one who is called by one of the parties in a suit to aid as a witness or counsel, a legal assistant, counsellor (diff. from patronus or orator, who spoke for a client engaged in a suit; from cognitor, who appeared in the name of such parties as had themselves been at first in court;

and from procurator, who appeared for such as were absent,

Ascon. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4; Ruhnk. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 48; Heind. ad Hor. S. 2, 5, 38;

v. Smith's Dict. Antiq.): quaeso, ut advocatus mihi adsis neve abeas,

Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 3; so id. Men. 5, 2, 47; id. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 1, 23; 6, 11; id. Trin. 5, 2, 37 al.:

adversusne illum causam dicerem, cui veneram advocatus?

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 43; so id. Eun. 2, 3, 49; 4, 6, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 11:

quis eum umquam non modo in patroni, sed in laudatoris aut advocati loco viderat,

Cic. Clu. 40; id. Phil. 1, 7:

venire advocatum alicui in rem praesentem,

id. Off. 1, 10, etc.; Liv. 42, 33, 1.—

In the post-Aug. per., for patronus, orator, etc., who conducted a process for any one, an advocate, attorney, etc., Quint. 12, 1, 13; cf. id. 12, 1, 25; 5, 6 fin.; 9, 3, 22; Plin. Ep. 7, 22; Tac. A. 11, 5, 6; Suet. Claud. 15 and 33.—

Esp., in eccl. Lat., of Christ as our intercessor, advocate:

advocatum habemus apud Patrem, Jesum Christum,

Vulg. 1 Joan. 2, 1.—

Transf., in gen., an assistant, helper, friend:

se in fugam conferunt unā amici advocatique ejus,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22.

con-clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to cry or call out together.

(Con subject.) To call or cry out together or in a body (hence often joined with omnes, universi, pariter, omnes pariter, Liv. 34, 61, 8; Curt. 5, 13, 5; 8, 11, 22; 10, 17, 3), to shout, esp. in approbation or assent (class. in prose and poetry).

In gen., with acc. and inf.:

cum vos universi, unā mente atque voce, iterum a me conservatam esse rem publicam conclamastis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 3, 18; id. B. C. 1, 7; Tac. A. 1, 8;

ducendum ad sedes simulacrum... conclamant,

Verg. A. 2, 233 al. —With acc.:

quod Mithridates se velle dixit, id sutores et zonarii conclamarunt,

Cic. Fl. 7, 17:

victoriam suo more,

Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

laetum paeana,

Verg. A. 10, 738 al. —With ut:

tum suo more conclamaverunt, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26 fin. —So with simple subj.:

conclamantibus omnibus, imperaret quod vellet,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6; cf.:

igitur, conclamant, duceret quo videretur,

Curt. 4, 1, 29.— Absol.:

conclamat vir paterque,

Liv. 1, 58, 12:

ad quorum casum, cum conclamasset gaudio exercitus,

id. 1, 25, 6; Tac. A. 3, 74.— Poet.:

planctu conclamat uterque Isthmos,

Stat. Th. 6, 13.—

In partic.

Conclamare ad arma, milit. t. t., to call to arms, to give the signal for an attack, Liv. 3, 50, 11; 7, 12, 3; 10, 32, 9; 41, 26, 2 al.—

Conclamare vasa, to give the signal, before breaking up, for packing, i. e. to give the order for decamping (ellipt. for conclamare, ut vasa colligantur), Caes. B. C. 1, 66. In the same sense without vasa, id. ib. 1, 67, and id. ib. 3, 75.—

To call together, to call to one's help (very rare):

socios,

Ov. M. 13, 73:

duros agrestes,

Verg. A. 7, 504. —

(Con intens.) Of a single person, to call or cry out loudly or violently, to shout, exclaim (class.).

In gen.:

ubi abit, conclamo: Heus quid agis tu, etc.?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 22; id. Men. 5, 9, 94:

Italiam primus conclamat Achates,

Verg. A. 3, 523:

hei mihi! conclamat,

Ov. M. 6, 227; 7, 843:

capta castra conclamavit,

Tac. H. 3, 29 fin.:

Ariovistus conclamavit, quid ad se venirent, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.:

deos omnes,

to call upon, invoke, Sen. Oedip. 974:

saxa querelis,

to fill with cries, Mart. 9, 46, 5.— Absol.:

conclamat virgo,

cries out, Ov. M. 4, 691; 10, 385; Quint. 2, 2, 12 al.—

Esp., with aliquem (mortuum), t. t. in the lang. of religion; of the dead, to call repeatedly by name, and lament him seven (acc. to others, eight) days, until his burial (cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 218; Schol. Luc. 2, 23;

Dict. Antiq. p. 459, a.): ut ex maestis paulo ante domibus, quae conclamaverant suos, procurreretur in vias,

Liv. 4, 40, 3:

cum corpora nondum conclamata jacent,

Luc. 2, 23:

post conclamata imperatoris suprema,

i. e. after this cry, Amm. 30, 10, 1:

partem conclamare tori,

Stat. S. 2, 6, 5.—

In gen., to bewail, complain; cf.:

videris immensis conclamata querelis Saxa,

Mart. 9, 45, 5.—

Prov.:

jam conclamatum est,

it is all over, all is lost, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 57 Don.—Hence,

conclāmans, ntis, P. a. (post-class.), noisy:

conclamantissimus fons,

Sid. Ep. 2, 2.—

conclāmā-tus, a, um, P. a. (post-class.).

Published abroad by crying out, i. e. known, celebrated:

conclamatissimus primipilaris,

Sid. Ep. 6, 1:

conclamatissimae declamationes,

id. ib. 8, 3.—

(Acc. to III. B.) Lamentable, unfortunate:

res,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 233:

frigus,

Macr. S. 7, 5, 26.